學習如何用英語描述事物,特別是動物的外觀,是掌握實用英語的重要一環。這不僅能幫助您表達所見所聞,更能讓您更深入地理解英語語法和詞彙的運用。今天,我們將深入探討如何精準而生動地描述動物,從最核心的提問方式開始,逐步拓展您的英語表達能力。
當您想詢問「猴子是什麼樣子的?」時,最地道且常用的英語表達是 “What does a monkey look like?”。這個句型是描述任何事物外觀的萬用金句。讓我們來仔細拆解這個句子:
“What” 是疑問代詞,用於詢問事物的性質或特徵。

“does” 是助動詞,配合第三人稱單數主語(a monkey)構成疑問句。
“a monkey” 是句子的主語,指稱您想描述的對象。
“look like” 是一個非常重要的詞組,它的意思是「看起來像什麼」或「長什麼樣子」。在這裡,「look」是動詞,表示「看」或「看起來」,而「like」則作為介詞,表示「像」或「如同」。兩者結合,便形成了詢問外貌的固定搭配。
所以,無論您想問「熊貓是什麼樣子的?」,您都可以套用這個句型,說成 “What does a panda look like?”;或者「一朵花是什麼樣子的?」,則為 “What does a flower look like?”。掌握了這個基本句型,您就掌握了描述英語世界中萬事萬物外觀的鑰匙。
除了最直接的 “What does X look like?”,您也可以用一些稍顯不同的方式來提問,儘管它們可能更偏向於描述性的回答而非單純的外觀:
“How would you describe a monkey?”(您會如何描述一隻猴子?)——這個問題更為開放,可以包含外觀、行為、習性等多方面的描述。
“Can you tell me about a monkey’s appearance?”(您可以告訴我關於猴子外觀的資訊嗎?)——這是一種更為禮貌和直接的詢問方式,專注於外觀。
然而,就單純詢問外觀而言,”What does X look like?” 無疑是最簡潔、最直接也最常用的選項。
深入探索:描述動物外觀的英語詞彙與句型
既然我們學會了如何提問,接下來就是學習如何回答。當我們描述一隻猴子或其他動物時,我們會運用各種形容詞和名詞來描繪其身體特徵、大小、顏色、毛髮等。以下是一些常用的描述性詞彙和句型:
1. 大小 (Size):
常用詞彙:big (大), small (小), tiny (極小的), enormous (巨大的), miniature (小型的), medium-sized (中等大小的)。
句型範例:
“Monkeys are generally small to medium-sized primates.”(猴子通常是小型到中等大小的靈長類動物。)
“Some species of monkeys are quite tiny, weighing only a few hundred grams.”(有些猴子物種非常小,只重幾百克。)
2. 顏色與圖案 (Color and Pattern):
常用詞彙:brown (棕色), black (黑色), grey (灰色), red (紅色), golden (金色), white (白色), multi-colored (多色的), striped (有條紋的), spotted (有斑點的), plain (單色的)。
句型範例:
“Many monkeys have brown or black fur.”(許多猴子有棕色或黑色的毛髮。)
“Their fur can be plain or sometimes have distinctive markings.”(牠們的毛髮可以是單色的,或有獨特的斑紋。)
“Some species, like the Mandrill, have vibrant, multi-colored faces.”(有些物種,如山魈,有鮮豔、多色的臉部。)
3. 毛髮/皮膚/表皮 (Fur/Hair/Skin/Scales/Feathers):
常用詞彙:furry (毛茸茸的), smooth (光滑的), thick fur (厚毛), soft fur (柔軟的毛), coarse hair (粗糙的毛髮), scales (鱗片), feathers (羽毛).
句型範例:
“They often have thick, soft fur covering their bodies.”(牠們的身體通常覆蓋著厚實、柔軟的毛髮。)
“Some areas, like their faces, might be hairless.”(有些區域,例如臉部,可能是沒有毛髮的。)
(非猴子範例)”Reptiles are characterized by their dry, scaly skin.”(爬行動物的特徵是牠們乾燥有鱗的皮膚。)
4. 身體部位 (Body Parts):
尾巴 (Tail): long tail (長尾巴), short tail (短尾巴), bushy tail (毛茸茸的尾巴), prehensile tail (捲纏尾巴,能抓住東西的尾巴).
“Most monkeys have long tails, some of which are prehensile, allowing them to grip branches.”(大多數猴子都有長尾巴,其中一些是捲纏尾巴,讓牠們能抓住樹枝。)
四肢 (Limbs): arms (手臂), legs (腿), hands (手), feet (腳), paws (爪子,通常用於貓狗等), claws (爪), wings (翅膀), fins (鰭).
“They have strong arms and legs, perfect for climbing and swinging.”(牠們有強壯的手臂和腿,非常適合攀爬和擺盪。)
臉部 (Face): face (臉), snout (口鼻部,通常用於動物), eyes (眼睛 – round, big, small), nose (鼻子 – flat, long), ears (耳朵 – small, large, rounded).
“Their faces often have expressive features with small, round eyes.”(牠們的臉部通常有富有表情的特徵,配有小而圓的眼睛。)
牙齒 (Teeth): sharp teeth (銳利的牙齒), fangs (犬齒).
“Some species have sharp teeth for eating fruits and insects.”(有些物種有銳利的牙齒,用於喫水果和昆蟲。)
超越外觀:描述動物行為與棲息地
除了物理外觀,描述動物的行為、聲音和棲息地也能讓您的英語描述更加豐富和完整。
1. 行為與習性 (Behavior and Habits):
動作 (Actions): climb (攀爬), jump (跳躍), swing (擺盪), run (奔跑), walk (行走), hunt (捕獵), gather (採集), play (玩耍).
“Monkeys are very agile; they love to climb trees and swing from branch to branch.”(猴子非常敏捷;牠們喜歡爬樹並在樹枝間擺盪。)
聲音 (Sounds): chatter (吱吱叫), screech (尖叫), hoot (貓頭鷹叫聲), roar (吼叫), bark (吠叫), meow (喵叫).
“You can often hear monkeys chattering loudly in the jungle, especially in the mornings.”(您經常可以在叢林中聽到猴子大聲吱吱叫,尤其是在早上。)
社交行為 (Social Behavior): live in groups/troops (羣居), solitary (獨居的), playful (愛玩耍的), curious (好奇的), intelligent (聰明的).
“They are highly social animals, living in troops and displaying complex social interactions.”(牠們是高度羣居的動物,成羣生活並展現複雜的社交互動。)
飲食 (Diet): herbivore (草食動物), carnivore (肉食動物), omnivore (雜食動物), frugivore (食果動物), insectivore (食蟲動物).
“Many monkeys are frugivores, meaning they primarily eat fruit, but they are also omnivores, consuming leaves, insects, and small animals.”(許多猴子是食果動物,主要喫水果,但牠們也是雜食動物,也喫樹葉、昆蟲和小動物。)
2. 棲息地 (Habitat):
居住地點 (Where they live): jungle (叢林), forest (森林), rainforest (雨林), savanna (稀樹草原), mountains (山區), desert (沙漠), ocean (海洋).
“Monkeys inhabit tropical rainforests and other forested areas around the world.”(猴子棲息在世界各地的熱帶雨林和其他森林地區。)
相關詞彙 (Associated terms): canopy (樹冠層), branches (樹枝), trees (樹木), ground (地面).
“They spend most of their lives in the tree canopy, rarely coming down to the ground.”(牠們大部分時間都生活在樹冠層,很少下到地面。)
實用範例與練習
現在,讓我們將這些知識應用到實際的描述中。
範例一:描述一隻蜘蛛猴 (Spider Monkey)
“What does a spider monkey look like?”
“A spider monkey is a large primate with long, slender limbs and a very long, prehensile tail. Its fur is usually black or dark brown, but some have lighter patches. It has a relatively small head and a hairless face. They are known for their agile movements, gracefully swinging through trees using their strong tails as an extra limb.”
範例二:描述一隻鸚鵡 (Parrot)
“What does a parrot look like?”
“A parrot is a bird with brightly colored feathers, often a vivid mix of green, blue, yellow, or red. It has a strong, curved beak that it uses to crack nuts and seeds. Parrots have two clawed feet for perching and climbing. They are highly intelligent and famous for their ability to mimic human speech. Parrots typically live in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.”
範例三:描述一隻貓 (Cat)
“What does a cat look like?”
“A cat is a small, furry mammal. It has soft fur that comes in many different colors and patterns, such as black, white, orange, grey, often with stripes, spots, or solid colors. Cats have short snouts, pointy ears, sensitive whiskers, and usually a long, balancing tail. They are known for being agile, graceful, and independent, often hunting small prey and enjoying naps.”
增強您的英語描述能力
要不斷提升您的英語描述能力,以下是一些實用建議:
1. 細心觀察: 當您看到動物、物品或場景時,試著留意其細節,例如形狀、顏色、大小、質地、聲音和動作。
2. 擴充詞彙: 積極學習各種形容詞、副詞和名詞。例如,除了 “big”,您還可以學習 “enormous”, “massive”, “gargantuan” 等更具體的詞彙。除了 “run”,還可以學習 “dash”, “sprint”, “gallop” 等。
3. 練習造句: 每天試著用英語描述您身邊的事物。從簡單的句子開始,然後逐步增加細節和複雜度。例如,先說 “It’s a red apple.”,然後可以加上 “It’s a bright red, shiny apple with a small green stem.”
4. 利用資源: 善用字典、線上百科全書(例如維基百科或國家地理頻道網站)來查找更多關於動物的描述性語言和專業術語。這些資源通常會提供豐富且精確的描述。
5. 變化句型: 避免一直使用相同的句型。除了 “It has…” 和 “It is…”,您也可以嘗試使用 “It possesses…”, “It features…”, “It exhibits…”, 或 “It is characterized by…” 等句式,讓您的描述更有變化和深度。
透過持續的練習和積累,您將能更加流利、準確且生動地用英語描述各種事物,讓您的表達更加豐富多彩。記住,學習語言是一個循序漸進的過程,每一次的嘗試和練習都讓您更接近目標。
